Kamu pernah dengar Personal Finance nggak sih? Sekarang-sekarang lagi hits istilah Personal Finance ini. Gampangnya sih, ini gunanya buat ngatur keuangan pribadi kayak penganggaran, asuransi, perencanaan hipotek, tabungan, dan perencanaan pensiun. Penasaran lebih lanjut tentang Personal Finance? Yuk baca lebih lanjut.
Apa Sih Itu Personal Finance Itu?
Mungkin kamu ada juga yang berpikir kalau manajemen Personal Finance itu tugas yang sulit dan menakutkan, akhirnya kamu jadi bingung sendiri. Tapi tenang, kita bahas pelan-pelan yah. Personal Finance sebenarnya berguna untuk mencapai tujuan keuangan. Tujuan ini bisa beda-beda, misalnya dana menikah, beli rumah, mempersiapkan dana pendidikan, sampai perencanaan pensiun. Caranya gimana? Nanti bakal diulik tentang strategi perencanaan investasi, penganggaran, mebaung, alokasi risiko hingga hutang.
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Kita Simak Ilustrasi Gampangnya Deh
Misal nih ada 2 orang namanya Aji dan Budi sama-sama punya gaji 30 juta. Aji ini melek personal finance, tapi Budi nggak. Mereka masing-masing menyusun laporan keuangan kayak gini:
- Laporan keuangan Aji
- Gaji = Rp. 30.000.000
- Investasi = Rp. 6.000.000
- Hobi, Ngafe, Sosial = Rp. 3.000.000
- Laporan keuangan Budi
- Gaji = Rp. 30.000.000
- Utang Kartu Kredit = Rp. 5.000.000
- Hobi, Ngafe, Sosial = Rp. 5.000.000
Kalau dianalisis lebih lanjut, Aji ini pakai metode 40-30-20-10 buat manajemen Personal Finance. Sebanyak 40% untuk kebutuhan rutin, 30% untuk bayar cicilan, 20% untuk investasi masa depan, dan 10% untuk self reward dan sosial. Nah, kalau Budi agak miris, soalnya cicilan utang lebih dari rasio utang sehat yaitu 30%, belum lagi self rewardnya gil gilaan. Pengelolaan uang Budi tekor banget nih.
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Sukses Manajemen Uang ala JL. Collins
Manajemen Personal Finance yang bagus, bisa bikin kamu jadi lebih mandiri secara finansial. Ada beberapa prinsip yang harus dipegang dari JL Collins di bukunya “The Simple Path to Wealth” yakni:
- Pertama, Prioritas utama: Lunasi Hutang!
- Kedua, Belanjakan lebih sedikit dari yang anda peroleh dan investasikan surplusnya
- Ketiga, Pertimbangkan 3 hal ini saat ingin berinvestasi:
- Dalam tahap apa investasi yang anda lakukan? Tahap akumulasi kekayaan atau tahap pelestarian kekayaan? Atau keduanya?
- Pada tingkat risiko apa, kamu tetap bisa menerimanya.
- Tujuan investasi kamu jangka panjang atau jangka pendek?
- Keempat, Selama tahap akumulasi kekayaan, alokasikan 100% portofolio investasi ke Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund (VTSAX) atau ETF (VTI)
- Terakhir, Sedangkan ketika sudah dekat masa pensiun, sesuaikan 20-50% portofolio untuk dimasukkan ke Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund (VBTLX) atau ETF (BND).
Perlu kamu tahu nih, VTSAX itu adalah istilah pasar saham di Amerika, gampangnya kayak gitu. Nilai sahamnya beragam, ada yang kecil, menengah hingga besar. Kalau VBTLX itu surat obligasi di tingkat investasi Amerika Serikat. Obligasi ini bisa berupa reksadana. Reksadana ini memiliki tingkat resiko yang lebih rendah dibanding pasar saham.
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Jadi gimana nih? Kamu udah paham? Yuk perbanyak membaca buku-buku keuangan. Ikuti terus artikel ini. Ingat! Langsung praktekkan yah.
Jangan lupa Give Applause, Komentar kalau masih ada yang bingung, dan Share ke teman terdekatmu. Follow juga IG @davidwijaya23 untuk informasi seputar keuangan, kesehatan, dan buku yaaa!
Referensi:
https://www.deanyeong.com/book-notes/the-simple-path-to-wealth
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/rhubarb/personal-financial-management.html
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